Use of DNA in Criminal Investigations Essay examples -- DNA Forensics

Before the 1980s, courts relied on testimony and eyewitness accounts as a main source of evidence. notoriously unreliable, these techniques have since faded away to the stunning reliability of DNA forensics. In 1984, British transmissibleist Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester discovered an interesting new marker in the human genome. close to DNA information is the same in every human, but the junk code between genes is unique to every person. Junk DNA used for investigatory purposes can be found in rip, saliva, perspiration, sexual fluid, skin tissue, bone marrow, dental pulp, and hair follicles (Butler, 2011). By analyzing this junk code, Jeffreys found certain(p) sequences of 10 to one C base pairs repeated multiple times. These tandem repeats are also the same for all people, but the number of repetitions is highly variable. Before this discovery, a drop of blood at a crime scene could only reveal a persons blood type, plus a few proteins unique to certain people. No w DNA forensics can expose a persons gender, race, susceptibility to diseases, and even propensity for high aggression or drug abomination (Butler, 2011). More importantly, the certainty of DNA evidence is extremely powerful in court. Astounded at this technologys almost perfect accuracy, the FBI changed the name of its Serology unit of measurement to the DNA Analysis Unit in 1988 when they began accepting requests for DNA comparisons (Using DNA to Solve Crimes, 2014). There are thirteen standard tandem repeats used in modern forensics, and together these sequences create a DNA profile. Except in the case of identical twins, the probability that two people have the same genetic code at all thirteen core loci is less than one in one trillion (Jones, 2004). Investigators compare these... ...d Beyond. Forensic Magazine. Web. 29 May 2015.http//www.forensicmag.com/ phrase/dna-forensics-rflp-pcr-str-and-beyond (Fall 2004).Using DNA to Solve Crimes. U.S. Department of Justice National I nstitute of Justice. (September 9, 2014). Web. 29 May 2015.http//www.justice.gov/ag/advancing-justice-through-dna-technology-using-dna-solve-crimesSachs, Jessica Snyder. DNA AND A NEW KIND OF racial PROFILING. 2004http//www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2004-06/dna-and-new-kind-racial-profilingH.M. Wallace, A.R. Jacksona, J. Gruberb, A.D. Thibedeaub. Forensic DNA databasesEthical and legal standards, ScienceDirec, 2014.http//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090536X14000239Westphal, Sylvia Pagn. DNA profiles link dope to its source. Daily News, 2003https//www.newscientist.com/article/dn3919-dna-profiles-link-dope-to-its-source/